In the tourmaline general knowledge
◎ tourmaline superficial modification research
◎ superfine tourmaline preparation process affects the granularity factor the research
◎ electricity stone powder superfine attrition craft research
◎ tourmaline electric field effect and
◎ comfortable and the healthy function nanometer non-metallic mineral
◎ water paint progresses in the environment domain application prospect
◎ tourmaline spontaneous polarization effect in the environment and the healthy domain
application
◎ aqueous method preparation nanometer level anoin powder body research and the application with the function mineral dust body material research and appraises
◎ the application tourmaline

Dianqidan functional attributes of the environment and applied research on board dynamics

　　Ho Leung, Dong made ground (Southwest University of Science and Technology Materials Institute, Sichuan Mianyang 621010) Summary : Dianqishi a permanent spontaneous polarization effect due to the existence of static electricity market Dianqishi particles around, so that a launch Dianqishi far infrared, and the release of anion, electromagnetic shielding, and water treatment and environmental functions of the current domestic and international developments in these areas of applied research. Expounded electrical characteristics and applications of mineral treatment of the relationship between the application and look Dianqidan prospects. Keyword : Dianqidan; Functional attributes of the environment; Applications

　　Dianqidan (Tourmaline) Dianqidan communities minerals call the shopping strip is characterized Hanpeng aluminium, sodium, iron, magnesium, lithium silicate minerals the cyclic structure, the structure of the Na - (Mg,Fe,Mn,Li,Al) 3Al6[Si6O12][BO3]3 (OH,F) 4. Depending on the type and quality as can be divided into Dianqishi iron, magnesium and lithium Dianqidan Dianqishi. Dianqidan crystal structure for three Fangjing department, symmetrical type of L33P, crystals arranged short rolls, long rolls or Zhenzhuang, Zhumian a vertical profile, cutting a spherical shape, clusters were Zhenzhuang, fibrous or radioactive warrants, and sometimes a granulose or hidden crystal quality massive, with the colour composition, black (including Fe), red (meat Mn, Li, Cs), brown yellow (including Cr), colorless transparent rare; glass luster, hardness 7~7.5 without Xie reasons, density 2.9~3.5g/cm3, with the piezoelectric nature of thermal power. Dianqidan as a new type of industrial minerals in the environment, electronics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, light industry, building materials, because of the unique nature and mineral products with high added value, and the world's universal attention. 1 Dianqidan spontaneous polarization effects 1898, the Japanese scholars Kubo found and presented to a permanent Dianqidan spontaneous polarization effects. Dianqidan crystal along its three axis of symmetry in the two ends of the opposite sex will accumulate a certain amount of electric charge, a heterosexual bipolar : Voigt testing the room temperature Dianqishi spontaneous polarization value was Ps=0.011MC/cm2. It is generally believed that the polarization charge of the thermal power generated by Dianqidan and piezoelectric nature caused. When Dianqishi crystal temperature and pressure changes in their environment, crystals, the relative displacement occurred between charged particles, both positive and negative electric charge separation occurred center, the crystal relative displacement of the total electricity rule, the center of plus or minus charge separation, the total electricity crystal rule change, leading to a polarization charge. Dianqidan spontaneous polarization effects for the performance in goal to exist around Dianqishi crystal C axle to axle face of static electricity market bipolar, and field-strength Eo=Ps/2Eo, according to the Ps value Voigt given by Eo=6.2 x 10^6V/m. When the crystal grain is Dianqishi hours Dianqidan particles equivalent to the role of electric wires one son, the role of plus or minus charge offset each other in parallel to the direction of electric field C axis greatest intensity, static electricity market with the rapid weakening away from the center, Ex= (2/3) Eo (a/r) 3,a for Dianqishi particulate radius, r central location for measuring distances. So, more than 10 m in Dianqishi surface exists within 10~104V/m high market strong. Dianqidan spontaneous polarization effect is permanent, and its structure is closely related elements. Dianqidan crystal structure of the tripartite Central [Si6O18], [BO3] 1.30, [X-O5 (OH)] triple then body composition (Fe2+, Mg2+,Al3+, Li+, Fe3+, Mn2+). [Si6O18] part of the tripartite composition of the six silicon oxygen tetrahedron, Kok top pointing the same direction, interpreted its polarity exists nature. 2 Dianqidan environment and the application of functional attributes Dianqidan materials as environmental functions and environmental sciences has been recognized in Japan, the United States, South Korea, China and other countries, such as small rooms Dianqidan for the improvement of the environment has achieved industrialization. Research has proven : since polarization effect makes Dianqidan have some functional attributes of the environment, such as in passive conditions can produce anion; A far-infrared launch function, firing rate to 0.93; electromagnetic shielding function; To regulate water pH value neutral; Activated water elements. These environmental attributes make Dianqishi broad functional application. 2.1 Dianqishi infrared radiation functions and applications Infrared is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, the wavelengths for 0.76~1000um, somewhere between the visible and microwave. Also into near infrared wavelengths at different (0.76~1.50um), middle infrared (1.5~5.6um), the far-infrared (8~14um) and the ultra-far-infrared (15~1000um). As stated earlier, while significant Dianqidan the piezoelectric nature of the thermal power, even in room temperature, once the environmental pressures of weak or temperature changes, vibration and internal elements, wires rule changes that hot campaign for polarity elements inspired to a higher energy level when it downward transition to a lower energy level, they emit electromagnetic wave forms to be taken away. Therefore, Dianqishi impetus to the outside world launched from outside electromagnetic wave energy exchange between the environment. Tongji University as increasing the Young, Young-chun, a natural black Dianqidan test infrared radiation characteristics, test results indicated in the table below. Black Dianqishi natural climate conditions in the original heat treatment, can have far-infrared ceramic powder higher than the current rate of infrared radiation than the infrared radiation peaks and Bantus are very good correspondence between law, at room temperature for the 9.5um wavelength radiation peaks around. Natural black Dianqidan strong infrared radiation characteristics has aroused extensive attention. Japan has developed a series of natural black Dianqishi technology products, including cosmetics, air purification, decontamination products. Japanese company a patent on the invention of artificial silk fibre Dianqidan in the application that contained 0.05%~2.0% candidates silk fibers, the particle diameter less than 0.3um Dianqidan particles. The fibres can be effectively enhanced by promoting blood circulation human physiological function, the specific process will contain Dianqidan particles (evenly dispersed in which) rayon fibre solution, textile fibers into shape, and a system Zhujiti fibre. Guiwanoulianji to use a modified Dianqishi tests with modified after Dianqidan Fur, PP, PE, mixed processing can produce a variety of products, such as a layer or footwear fur resin materials, the performance of anti-bacterial Dianqidan underwear. Japan and Japan textile radioactive ores Weifen and far-infrared particles mixed in a certain proportion, packaged soft fabrics, in the development of the "Ionina" new products. This approach to the far-infrared dual fabrics with anion effect of the use of its bed linen products testing proved to be a test of brain waves, wave restraining, and therefore better support for some chronic diseases. China and Taiwan Province of ITRI UCL companies Qingxiang light waves, using nanotechnology and far-infrared light waves raw materials, and jointly develop a nano far-infrared textiles. In patent US6798982, researchers will muscovite, and lanthanum is Dianqishi elements mixed up into parcels in the rest of the hotline around when call hotline being heated, and air anion will be from the far infrared, continuous release Dianqishi size. This broad Dianqishi external role. Patent involved in a far-infrared W02004075986 generator, which is composed of rare and Dianqidan combination, can effectively produce far infrared that can be used for human health and heating warming. China's patent CN1467313, synthetic fibres and the use of a far-infrared Dianqishi functional fibres, Dianqidan content for 1%~8%, granularity 120~180nm such a high fibre health effects. In the patent, researchers KR2002067197 KR2002090645 and developed a far infrared containing Dianqidan in human health, the far-infrared heating application has broad prospects. 2.2 Dianqishi release air anion functions and applications Temperature and pressure changes caused Dianqidan crystal between poor and the powerful motor can make ambient water molecules weak electrolytic role ;4H2O electrolytic OH>H+, hydrogen ions from the weak current between Dianqidan poles are electronic ;2H++2e>H2^, hydrogen-oxygen ion and water elements with roots forming air anion : OH-+nH2O>O-H (H2O) n-[14]. According geodesy and geophysics League of Nations adopted the Joint Commission theoretical atmospheric air anion the molecular formula is O2 (H2O) n. Anion biological effects are : 1 to 1910, non-toxic oxygen radicals; 1910 2 for rehydration a weak alkaline; 1910 3 for air quality improvement; 1910 4 anion direct effect on health promotion; 1910 5 anion on human physiological systems direct effect; 1910 6 anion complement to the treatment and rehabilitation of disease. Air anion role of the medical profession has been recognized, in addition to useful human health, there is a disinfection, removal and replacement. Dianqidan no energy release anion not produce ozone and reactive oxygen is the ideal green materials, the current domestic and international research on the development Dianqishi has made some progress. Hanyue new eastern Inner Mongolia, through black Dianqidan release anion character study by the following conclusions : black Dianqishi release anion to higher average value to massive 18,625 cm3, ceramic powder added to the average 25,600 cm3, black Dianqidan release anion concentrations equivalent to the waterfront, waterfalls, forest anion attempt. Hebei workers ridgepole Chin and others applications sol-gel technology in the natural mineral powder surface generated Dianqidan efficient TiO2 optical catalyst manufactured with the environment clean and healthy new functional composite materials, in Dianqishi own electric field under the influence of TiO2 crystal growth, TiO2 particles in Dianqidan surface and formed a hollow ball porous hollow hemisphere and the average size of 2um, the application of such technologies in the system Dianqishi -TiO2 composite membrane with the higher-ray catalytic reactive. In an invention patent (CN1222494A) devoted to the use of ceramic balls Dianqidan system technologies. It consists Dianqishi 6~140um particles whose diameter, the total weight of the total weight 97~2%; 3%~98%; clay plus water distribution, shaped dry sinter 5~50mm for small diameter ball. It can enhance water activation, sewage treatment, air purification and water crops in the areas. In patent CN1454560, Dianqidan be added to a glass and ceramic tableware, utensils to make such a Dianqidan functional anion and introduced its nature, functions, preparation of the principles and methods of application and the status of the project. In patent US2004060141, 0.2%~0.4 the Dartmouth, the Dianqidan 1%~2% and 96.8%~98.8% macromolecular materials produced air base anion brushes, brushes that can release a lot of air anion, to the benefit of human health. Japan's Fuji textile use the natural hot spring launch of ore (Dianqidan), the combination of nanotechnology and polyester fibre production, "Staiyaa" anion fabrics, the medical clinical trials proved to low back pain, shoulder pain, arthritis and dermatitis, and other allergic type significant efficacy. According to the Japanese news fibre, with a Matsushita Electric Institute ore, and the use of nano-class Dianqidan a catalyst into polyester Yuan Ye, produce special Dacron, a common development in the "bloom" conditions can have a negative flow of oxygen ion fabrics; Japanese positions around electrical covered with radioactive mine Weifen tiered landing in fabrics, to enhance fabrics anion of results produced "holic" fabrics, with A4 paper size fabrics produced anion in the air for nearly 15,000 /cm3 forest anion results. Dianqidan anion great career prospects for the market : one of its chemical fiber fabrics will be added in human clothing, the role of energy in the human body continually produce anion. Promote human skin metabolism, helped perk up, the elimination of human odour. Anion ceramic superconducting materials such as spinning, Muli in China can produce all kinds of added fibre specifications anion functional fibres, and cotton yarn from socks, underwear, spinning into weight from health warm underwear as a pillow, quilt, mattress of filling materials, interior decoration materials produced after cutting. In addition, it can cause a variety of fiber decorative fabric to keep indoor air fresh and eliminate indoor smoke, plus a certain role. 2 can be added to paint, paint, wood preliminary agents, the fresh air after a decoration, such as a certain continuous release anion role. 2.3 Dianqishi electromagnetic shielding functional and application Dianqidan with air water molecules respond to anions, cations, and radiation sent to impede the dissemination of electromagnetic wave. Using material containing Dianqidanweifen causing frames, can effectively play the role of electromagnetic shielding. In a practical latest patent (CN2358663Y) introduced a system of law electromagnetic protective devices, stand by its integral structure, the first tier of Dianqidan particulate levels; The second tier is Jiaoceng; For the three-layer plastic sheeting; 4 layer for Jiaoceng; Five layers of paper layer, the protective devices to prevent harmful electromagnetic wave attacks the human body, be based on human sound far into the infrared. It can widely used car driver, computer rooms, electric arc operation workshop, substations and other areas, as well as games, televisions, microwave ovens, Dianretan, telephone and mobile phone and other electrical equipment. JP2004178780 as in the patent, researchers use Dianqidan to eliminate static electricity and electromagnetic radiation discs, and improving the quality of optical discs. 2.4 Dianqishi applications in water treatment, Dianqidan structure closely, metal ions easy access to its crystal structure, the adsorption Dianqishi primarily for surface adsorption, the adsorption of the main types of ion, molecular adsorption, similar quartz, corundum and other simple oxides by surface adsorption of complex, dense sets, and in Dianqishi crystallization separate out on the surface, thereby play a purification of industrial wastewater. (1) the adsorption of Cu2+ Dianqidan delivery of wastewater containing Cu2+ Mengtuoshi with different principles, it is through electrostatic adsorption to Dianqidan Cu2+ market will be the negative electrode so that local Cu2+ concentrations increased with the surface hydroxy dissociation reaction occurred OH- form of precipitation. When the solution of ion concentration balance, reaction no longer continue. Thus, there will not address the issue of excessive, is a very good green material. Dianqidan chemical with high mechanical stability, do not dissolve in acid, flow through the mix easily formed sedimentation from Dianqidan surface may have used. (2) the adsorption of SO42- Including the use of porous ceramics Dianqidan 10g, soak in 500mL H2SO4 solution (0.1mol/L), two months later found that a small ceramic surface summary warrants, warrants crystal form of radiation, the X- ray diffraction hematite identified as gypsum CaSO4?2H2O. Impact Dianqidan adsorption role of the major factors are : adsorption time, temperature, the granularity Dianqidan career, solution, ion concentrations and pH values, which is affecting larger solution pH value pH value increased, the system helps improve Dianqishi heavy metal ions to the adsorption rate, when pH higher 6:00, and the higher the adsorption rate. (3) Dianqishi impact on the water body pH value Hebei Chi Jiang and Jin, through Dianqidan of water pH value of the impact study found that the electrode Dianqidan particle effects aqueous solution of the oxidation reinstate electrical potential, regulate the pH value of aqueous solution to the trend neutral to acidic solution pH value increases, and therefore can use the electrode Dianqishi sexual and water bodies oxide reinstate impact treatment 2.5 up Dianqishi in electronic materials and the application of electricity As a piezoelectric crystal Dianqidan mineral properties, the properties are widely used for the radio industry, making available Dianqidan wavelength adjuster, the glass-glass pieces. Crystallization condition, no bending, no crackle of Dianqidan, for measurement of air and water ram used piezoelectric terms, can also be used to sonar device, and determining the criteria of materials, equipment and industrial equipment components, such as skin epidermis for power generation controller, designed to allow light through drugs nearby regions, in irradiating direction of market fluctuations. It is also used to contain no material fluctuations in market Zhumian reflection direction. It is also used to contain no material Zhumian reflex mirror and contain current export Dianqidan crystal electrical sensors. Many scientific and industrial equipment used Dianqidan, namely electrical tongs to show light polarization. Dianqidan is because of thermal power is piezoelectric nature that can arise in the heating, electricity or compressed, heat is measured radiation doses gas intensity of the early machines, it is also dependent on the thermal power Dianqidan characteristics. 3 Dianqidan applied research proposal Currently, applications for Dianqidan in environmental research and use is still in the preliminary stage, Dianqishi as non-renewable resources, the quantity is limited. We should solve the problems are mainly the following aspects.

(1) how to make full use of limited resources fully, and follow the path of sustainable development;

2) how to improve Dianqidan particles electric field effect;

(3) enhance Dianqidan of machining, such as the ceramic Dianqishi smash, Asia micrometres separation, raising questions Dianqishi White degrees;

(4) the current internal and external to Dianqishi applied research in the field of environmental protection focused primarily on water purification, human anti-bacterial functions;

(5) to conduct fundamental research on the impact Dianqidan spontaneous polarization of the internal and external factors will study Dianqidan own polarization mechanisms; On the other hand from the micro perspective to explore their wares mechanisms;

(6) Study Dianqidan carriers how effective micro-interference between the electric field and to promote contacts with the air and water of decomposition reaction. 4 Conclusion With China's economic development and improvement of people's living conditions, environmental protection, health care and other requirements will be increasing in these areas Dianqishi the unique role and effectiveness, as well as higher added value to have good development prospects. Dianqidan product development applications will have greater social and economic effectiveness.